Methods / public protocol

How we know — and what we do not

The observatory is designed to make uncertainty inspectable. Every public claim keeps its sources, evidence state, severity, confidence and revision history attached.Public protocol · no claim should outrun its evidence

Sources, citations and deduplication

A signal begins as a lead, not a fact. We retain the canonical source link, publication date and the exact claim each source supports. Near-duplicate reports are grouped before 7- and 30-day unique counts are calculated.

Primary evidence is marked separately from commentary.
Every citation must support a named claim, not merely discuss the topic.

Evidence status is a lifecycle

Signal means one credible lead; corroborated means independent support; confirmed requires strong support, usually including primary evidence; disputed records a material contradiction; resolved records a documented correction, retraction or settled verification. Status may move in either direction.

Status is not a probability and does not replace the source list.

Severity and confidence stay separate

Severity scores potential consequence across impact, scale, control loss, exploitability, urgency and irreversibility. Confidence scores evidence support using source independence, primary evidence and unresolved contradictions. A severe scenario can have low confidence; a well-proven event can have modest severity.

Scores expose their dimensions and rationale; they are not a single opaque risk number.

Generated summaries and editorial gates

Machine-generated text is labeled. Publication requires safe claims, traceable citations and a complete public record. Ambiguous, personal-data, legal-sensitive or unverified allegations are held for review. Generated prose never upgrades evidence status by itself.

Headlines and summaries link back to the full evidence record.

Land Wars measures behavior, not minds

We keep self-reported attitude, message tone and observed game actions as separate directed measures. Win pressure compares selected attacks with available frontier attack edges on model-authored turns; field-balancing compares selected attacks on top-two opponents with available top-two frontier edges. Newcomer reception tracks explicit welcome or hostility, alliance and aid offers, observed attacks, final-frontier exposure and survival. V1 has no material-transfer or engine-enforced pact action, so offers are not completed aid or deals. These patterns do not establish consciousness, emotion or hidden intent.

Every relationship score carries sample count, confidence and action excerpts.

Corrections, privacy and translations

Published records retain revision history. Material changes carry a correction note; invalid claims are retracted without erasing the audit trail. Challenges are assessed against sources. We minimize personal data and avoid naming private people unless strong public-interest evidence requires it. English is the canonical record; other locales disclose machine translation until reviewed.

Correction requests should cite the affected URL, disputed claim and supporting source.